Amantadine

Amantadine treats/prevents influenza A; also Parkinson's, drug-induced movement disorders. Inhibits virus replication, boosts dopamine for movement/symptom reduce. Forms: tablet, capsule, solution for needs.

Development/Approval History

1960s antiviral for influenza A; later Parkinson's/movement. FDA approved 1970s.

Main Benefits

• Antiviral: Prevents/treats influenza A.
• Symptom ease: Improves motor, cuts Parkinson's symptoms.
• Versatile: For drug movement disorders.
• Flexible forms: Various for preferences.

Distinct Features

Dual: Antiviral/dopaminergic; versatile for viruses/neurology.

Vs. Similar

• Dual: Antiviral/dopaminergic.
• Flexible forms: Tablet/capsule/solution.
• Affordable: Vs newer.

Safety/Acceptance

Well-tolerated; common dizziness, lightheaded, nausea. Serious: Heart, allergies, mood changes. Monitor for safety.

Uses

Treated Conditions

• Influenza A: Prevent/treat virus.
• Parkinson's: Improve motor, cut tremors/stiff/slow.
• Drug extrapyramidal: Treat antipsychotic movement.

Usage Signs

Influenza: Fever/chills/aches. Parkinson's: Tremors/stiff/move difficulty.

Dosing/Usage

Adult

Influenza: 200 mg/day single/divided.

Parkinson's: Start 100 mg twice, adjust.

Reactions: 100 mg twice.

Child

Influenza weight-based, provider-guided; not typical Parkinson's/reactions kids.

Elderly

Lower doses sensitivity/effects; start low, adjust response/tolerance.

Timing

Same times daily; with/without food influenza, food Parkinson's GI reduce.

Frequency

Once/twice daily per regimen; consistent for levels/outcomes.

Food Impact

No major, food reduces GI effects.

How It Works

Mechanism

Antiviral: Inhibits influenza replication. Dopaminergic: Boosts dopamine, blocks NMDA for motor/symptoms.

Targets

M2 protein virus prevent replicate. Brain: Dopamine up, NMDA block for control/symptoms.

Metabolism

Minimal liver, unchanged urine; adjust impaired kidney.

Biochem

Inhibits replicate, dopamine up; NMDA block for effects.

Physio

Reduce influenza symptoms fever/aches. Parkinson's: Better motor, less tremors/stiff/slow, quality up.

Ingredients

Active

Amantadine hydrochloride; 100-150 mg strengths.

Inactive

Lactose, magnesium stearate, starch for formulation/stability.

Roles

Amantadine: Main antiviral/dopaminergic; inactive: Stability/absorption.

Effects

Common

Dizziness, lightheaded, dry mouth, constipation, GI discomfort; mild, decrease use.

Rare

Severe allergies, heart (arrhythmias), neuroleptic syndrome.

Serious

Heart signs (irregular beat, faint), allergies (rash/itch/swell/dizzy/breathe), mood (depress/suicidal).

Frequency/Severity

Mild early; serious rare, monitor/follow-ups.

Avoiding

Precautions

Follow dose, no longer than recommended; monitor heart/mental, elderly/pre-existing.

Tolerance

Directed use, follow-ups; educate adherence/response. Food for GI.

Restrictions

Conditions

Hypersensitivity amantadine/components; severe kidney, seizure/psychiatric history.

Reasons

Worsen kidney/psychiatric via CNS/renal; hypersensitivity severe.

Alerts/Cautions

Risks

Monitor heart/kidney/mental. Blood tests renal/heart.

Measures

Monitor, low start, adjust; report heart/allergies/mental.

Missed

Actions

Take remembered unless near next; no double, resume.

Strategies

Reminders, schedule; alarms/apps/diary.

Interactions

Medications

Anticholinergics, dopaminergic, antidepressants; reduce efficacy/up effects.

Effects

Affect metabolism/efficacy; e.g., anticholinergics up dry mouth/constipation/confusion. Monitor/adjust.

Avoiding

Inform provider all meds; no change without approval. Review regularly.

Overdose

Signs

Severe dizzy/faint/hallucinate/agitate/irregular beat; emergency.

Actions

Emergency; supportive. Charcoal recent, fluids pressure/heart.

Kinetics

Uptake

Well GI, peaks 2-4 hours; bioavailability ~90%.

Spread

Wide, 5-10 L/kg; crosses brain barrier for CNS.

Breakdown

Minimal liver, unchanged urine; adjust kidney impaired.

Removal

Half-life 10-14 hours normal renal; kidneys mainly.

Forms

Available

Tablet 100 mg, capsule 100 mg, solution 50 mg/5 ml; flexible tailoring.

Benefits

Multiple strengths/forms for preferences/needs; precise adjustments.

Pregnancy/Breastfeeding

Pregnancy

Use if benefit > fetal risk; limited human, animal adverse. Discuss.

Breastfeeding

Excreted milk; decide discontinue breastfeeding/drug per importance. Consult.

Storage

Recommendations

Room 20-25°C, original closed, out child/pet.

Instructions

Cool/dry, away sun/moisture; per manufacturer.

Expiry

No use past; proper storage effective/safe. Dispose regulations.

Trials/Efficacy

Overview

Extensive trials influenza/Parkinson's/movement; randomized placebo thousands worldwide.

Findings

Cuts influenza symptoms, improves Parkinson's motor, treats movements; better outcomes/quality vs placebo.

Comparative

Effective relief, good safety; dual/flexible preferred.

Wrap-Up

Key Points

Effective antiviral/dopaminergic for influenza/Parkinson's/movements; dual benefits, tolerated, safety documented.

Recommendations

Follow dosing/admin; monitor/follow-ups manage effects. Healthy lifestyle diet/exercise support.

Thoughts

Improves quality for influenza/Parkinson's/movements by managing symptoms/well-being. Proven, trusted.